DataBook®

Technical Data about Linux

  • About
    • Legal
    • GNU Free Documentation License
    • A Little History of Linux
    • The Linux Way
    • Glossary
    • Bibliography
    • Decimal Naming and Prefixes
    • Contact
  • News and Reviews
    • Fedora 18 — A New Anaconda
    • Fedora 17 — Power Desktop and Choice for Parents
    • Fedora 14 — Easy (Mostly) Transition and no Surprises (Updated)
    • Fedora 13 — Upgrade Issues Mar Otherwise Solid OS
    • Fedora 12 — A Player for Server and Desktop
    • Fedora 9 Not Ready for Most Users
    • VirtualBox – Free and Easy Virtualization
    • Rev’ing up Your Backups
  • DataBook for Linux Administrators
    • Fedora and Red Hat Documentation
    • Installation
      • Using the New Anaconda Installer in Fedora 18 and Above
      • Errors During Fedora Linux DVD Installation
      • Hardware Compatibility
        • nVidia vs ATI/Radeon Video
        • Video Hardware
        • Intel Console Redirection
        • Getting Linux to Run on Intel DG33FB Motherboard
        • Intel DP35DP Motherboard And Fedora
        • Beware of Foxconn Motherboards
      • Software RAID
        • Configuring Software RAID1 Arrays in Linux
        • Failing and Removing a Device From a RAID 1 Array in Linux
      • Default Partitioning and Disk Layout During Installation
      • Kickstart
        • Complete Kickstart
        • Performing YUM Updates During Kickstart
      • Creating USB Drive Install Image for Fedora
      • Post-Installation Problems
        • SSH and YUM don’t work after Fedora 10 Installation
    • Upgrades
      • Upgrades with preupgrade
      • Fedora 11 Upgrade Problems With YUM
      • Applications Won’t Start After Fedora 10 Upgrade
      • Boot Fails After Upgrade from Fedora 10 to Fedora 11
    • Migrating to Linux
      • Creating a Default KDE Desktop for New Accounts
      • Migrating Microsoft Contacts to Thunderbird
      • Importing Local Folders From Microsoft Mail into Thunderbird
    • Starting Linux
      • The Linux Boot Process
        • BIOS POST
        • GRUB
          • Configuring GRUB
          • Using the GRUB Menu to Alter the Boot Sequence
        • Kernel Boot Parameters
        • Kernel Initialization
      • Startup Using SystemV Init Scripts
        • Understanding Run Levels
        • init
        • Understanding /etc/inittab
        • rc.sysinit
        • rc
      • Starting and Managing Linux Services Using systemd
    • Filesystems
      • Anatomy of a Disk Drive
      • Disk Drive Types
      • The Linux Kernel and HDD Types
      • File System Architecture
      • Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
      • The Linux Extended Filesystems
        • EXT2 Filesystem
        • EXT4 Filesystem
      • Logical Volume Manager – LVM
        • LVM Structure
        • Resizing a Logical Volume in an LVM Filesystem
      • Using the Loopback devices
      • File Permissions
      • Changing the Size of Swap Space
    • The Command Line Interface (CLI)
      • Fedora 16 crontab Problem
      • Setting vi Mode for Command Line Editing
      • Virtual Terminals
    • System Tools
      • Setting Colors in vim
      • Colors in Midnight Commander
      • The date Command
    • System Administration
      • Linux Standards and Best Practices
      • About UDEV
      • Serial Console Usage
    • Software Updates
      • How to Disable PackageKit
    • Networking
      • Network Manager
        • Disable Network Manager
      • Making your Linux Box Into a Router
      • Network Configuration
        • Configuring Network Interface Controllers (NIC)
      • Networking Problems
        • Resetting Stale NFS Handles in Linux
        • DNS Problems in recent versions of Fedora
    • Printing
      • Printing Problems After Upgrade from Fedora 10 to 11
      • Printer Won’t Print After Going Into Sleep Mode
      • Printing With a Xerox WorkCenter Pro 128
      • Printing with the Dell V505 All-In-One Printer
      • Lexmark Printers Not Supported in Linux
    • The X Window System
      • Installing System Fonts Using the Command Line
      • The Display Manager
      • xorg.conf Not Created in Fedora 14
    • Security
      • shred – Deleting Files Securely
      • Blocking Brute Force SSH Attacks
      • Backups and Disaster Recovery
        • The Backup Plan
    • Scripting Languages
      • BASH Code to Determine Valid IP Addresses
      • The awk Language
    • sendmail
      • SendMail Error Message: 553 5.1.8 … Domain of sender address … does not exist
      • Forwarding Email from Hosts with no DNS Entries
      • Basic Outbound Authentication for Sendmail
    • Troubleshooting
      • The Five Steps of Problem Solving
        • Knowledge
        • Observation
        • Deduction
        • Action
        • Testing
      • Troubleshooting Example
      • Important First Steps in Solving Problems
      • Problem Determination Tools
        • top
          • Using the top Program to Diagnose CPU Performance Problems
          • Priorities, Nice Numbers and How to Use Them
      • Environmental Problems – EMI
        • EMI Sources
          • EMI – Radio and TV
          • EMI – Radar and Microwave
          • EMI – Static Electricity
          • EMI – Electrical Noise
          • EMI – Engines
          • EMI – Magnetic Fields
        • EMI Problems – Bothering your Neighbors
        • How to Minimize EMI Problems
      • Specific Problems
        • Cannot Login Using GUI
        • Horizontal Bar in Display
        • Xterm Windows Freeze Up in VNC Session
        • Fedora 10 – Network Only Works Outbound
    • Compiling the Kernel
      • Using Multiple Threads When Compiling the Kernel
    • Applications
      • VirtualBox
        • VirtualBox VMs Very Slow
        • Installing VirtualBox Using the RPMFusion Repository
        • Sharing Virtual Machines on a Single VirtualBox Host
        • Making USB Work in VirtualBox Guests
      • Setting User Interface Fonts for Firefox and Thunderbird
    • Multimedia
      • Troubleshooting Audio Adapter Problems
  • Lab Projects
    • Lab Setup
    • Lab Projects – Introduction to Linux
      • Lab Project 1. Initial Desktop Login
      • Lab Project 2. Exploring the Desktops
      • Lab Project 3. Using Virtual Consoles
      • Lab Project 4. Using screen
      • Lab Project 5.The Command Line Interface (CLI)
      • Lab Project 6: Processes
      • Lab Project 7: Managing Files
      • Lab Project 8. vimtutor
      • Lab Project 9: More About Files
    • Lab Projects – Theory and Practice of Linux System Administration
      • Lab Project 1A: Installing Fedora Linux 15 Through 17
      • Lab Project 1B: Installing Fedora Linux 18 and Above
      • Lab Project 2: Post Installation
      • Lab Project 3. Initial Desktop Login
      • Lab Project 4. Using Virtual Consoles
      • Lab Project 5. Using Screen
    • Lab Projects – Linux Servers and Advanced System Administration
      • Lab Project 1: Fedora Installation
  • DataBook for Linux Users
    • Introduction
      • Linux Distributions
    • Section: The Basics
      • Chapter — How Do I Get Started?
        • Turning the Computer On
        • Login to the Computer
        • Make KDE Your Default Desktop
        • Linux and Security
        • When You Are Finished Using the Computer
      • Chapter — Introduction to Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)
        • Using Multiple Desktops
        • Anatomy of a Window
      • Chapter — Using KDE 3.5
        • 1. Kool Desktop Environment
        • 2. The KDE Panel
          • 1. Anatomy of the KDE Panel
          • 2. Configuring the KDE Panel
        • 3. The KDE Menu
        • 5. Switching Users
        • 6. Configuring KDE
          • Changing the Look of KDE
            • 1. KDE Themes
            • 2. Changing the Background
            • 3. Choosing a Color Scheme
            • 4. Fonts
            • 5. Icons
            • 6. Launch Feedback
            • 7. Screen Saver
            • 8. Splash Screen
            • 9. Style
            • 10. Theme Manager
            • 11. Window Decorations
          • Changing How The Desktop Works
            • 1. Behavior
            • 2. Multiple Desktops
            • 3. Panels
            • 4. Task Bar
            • 5. Window Behavior
          • Peripherals
            • Mouse
          • What Happens to My Changes When I Upgrade?
          • Getting Back to the Defaults
      • Chapter — Using KDE 4
        • Introducing KDE 4
        • The KDE 4 Panel
          • Anatomy of the KDE 4 Panel
          • Configuring the KDE 4 Panel
        • The KDE 4 Menu
        • Switching Users
    • Section: Managing Files
      • Computer Memory — RAM vs Disk Drives and Files
      • Comparison of Common File Managers
      • Associating Files with Application Programs
      • Chapter — Using Konqueror
        • 1. Introducing Konqueror
        • 2. Add Konqueror to the KDE Panel
        • 3. Konqueror Basics
          • 1. Konqueror Sidebar
          • 2. Konqueror’s Main Toolbar
        • 4. Navigating The File System With Konqueror
      • Chapter — Using Krusader
        • Introducing Krusader
        • Launching Krusader
      • Chapter — Using Dolphin
        • The Dolphin Interface
        • Using the Dolphin Tool Bar
        • Configuring Dolphin
        • Navigating the Filesystem with Dolphin
        • Searching for Files with Dolphin
      • Using the Standard KDE File Manager to Save Files
      • Extracting Zip Archives
    • Section: Internet Applications
      • Chapter — Email with Thunderbird
        • Setting Font Sizes for Message Text in Thunderbird
        • Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
        • Opening Attachments Directly From Thunderbird
        • Saving Attachments and Photos
      • Chapter — Surfing the Internet With Firefox
        • Tabbed Browsing with Firefox
        • Viewing Embedded Documents and Videos with Firefox
        • Error: Firefox is already running
    • Chapter — Multimedia
      • Using K3B to Burn a CD or DVD
      • Choosing a Webcam for Linux
      • Basic Scanning with XSane
    • Chapter — Application Programs
      • GnuCash
      • LibréOffice
      • OpenOffice
        • Dealing with Word Document Formatting Problems
    • Chapter — Printing in Linux
    • Chapter — Problem Solving
      • Recovering from a Display Problem
  • DataBook for OS/2
    • Front Material
      • Notes About The Rebuild of the DataBook for OS/2 Warp
      • Forward
      • Warp Products Covered by the DataBook For OS/2
      • OS/2 Reference Books
    • Chapter 1 – What is an Operating System and why is it Important?
      • Computers and Technology In Today’s Business
        • Wasted Computing Power
        • Why Multitasking?
        • Multitasking in Windows 3.1
        • Multitasking in Windows 95
        • Multitasking in Windows NT
        • Multitasking in OS/2 Warp
        • Computer-Centric Strategies for Enhancing Productivity
        • SETI@Home – A Perfect Example of Multitasking
      • What is OS/2 Warp?
        • Introducing OS/2 Warp
        • Warp Features
        • Warp Server
        • OS/2 Awards
        • A Short History of OS/2
        • The Future of OS/2
      • Who Uses OS/2 Warp
        • When was the last time you used OS/2
        • Who uses Warp in North America
        • Who uses OS/2 Warp in Europe
        • Who uses OS/2 in Asia
        • Who uses OS/2 elsewhere
      • Introduction To Operating Systems
        • Defining an Operating System
        • Genesis of the Operating System
        • Operating System Features
        • OS/2 Warp from a Programmer’s Viewpoint
    • Chapter 02 – Inside OS/2 Warp
      • The OS/2 Kernel
      • OS/2 Multitasking
      • OS/2 Crash Protection
      • The Swap File
      • OS/2 Memory Management
      • Ring Protection mechanism
      • Dynamic Link Libraries – DLL
      • Symmetric MultiProcessing (SMP)
  • Downloads
    • Post-Installation RPM and Script
  • Donations

System Administration

March 13, 2009
Posted by dboth
Up one level: DataBook for Linux Administrators

Previous: The date Command
Next: Linux Standards and Best Practices

 

 

Up one level: DataBook for Linux Administrators

Previous: The date Command
Next: Linux Standards and Best Practices

 

 

Sub Pages:

  • Linux Standards and Best Practices
  • About UDEV
  • Serial Console Usage
Updated: March 13, 2009 at 13:35

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  • Complete Kickstart

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  • The Tao of Programming
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  • Why Linux is Better

Linux Boot

  • Linux Kernel Boot Process

Package Repositories

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Table of Contents

  • About
    • Legal
    • GNU Free Documentation License
    • A Little History of Linux
    • The Linux Way
    • Glossary
    • Bibliography
    • Decimal Naming and Prefixes
    • Contact
  • News and Reviews
    • Fedora 18 — A New Anaconda
    • Fedora 17 — Power Desktop and Choice for Parents
    • Fedora 14 — Easy (Mostly) Transition and no Surprises (Updated)
    • Fedora 13 — Upgrade Issues Mar Otherwise Solid OS
    • Fedora 12 — A Player for Server and Desktop
    • Fedora 9 Not Ready for Most Users
    • VirtualBox – Free and Easy Virtualization
    • Rev’ing up Your Backups
  • DataBook for Linux Administrators
    • Fedora and Red Hat Documentation
    • Installation
      • Using the New Anaconda Installer in Fedora 18 and Above
      • Errors During Fedora Linux DVD Installation
      • Hardware Compatibility
        • nVidia vs ATI/Radeon Video
        • Video Hardware
        • Intel Console Redirection
        • Getting Linux to Run on Intel DG33FB Motherboard
        • Intel DP35DP Motherboard And Fedora
        • Beware of Foxconn Motherboards
      • Software RAID
        • Configuring Software RAID1 Arrays in Linux
        • Failing and Removing a Device From a RAID 1 Array in Linux
      • Default Partitioning and Disk Layout During Installation
      • Kickstart
        • Complete Kickstart
        • Performing YUM Updates During Kickstart
      • Creating USB Drive Install Image for Fedora
      • Post-Installation Problems
        • SSH and YUM don’t work after Fedora 10 Installation
    • Upgrades
      • Upgrades with preupgrade
      • Fedora 11 Upgrade Problems With YUM
      • Applications Won’t Start After Fedora 10 Upgrade
      • Boot Fails After Upgrade from Fedora 10 to Fedora 11
    • Migrating to Linux
      • Creating a Default KDE Desktop for New Accounts
      • Migrating Microsoft Contacts to Thunderbird
      • Importing Local Folders From Microsoft Mail into Thunderbird
    • Starting Linux
      • The Linux Boot Process
        • BIOS POST
        • GRUB
          • Configuring GRUB
          • Using the GRUB Menu to Alter the Boot Sequence
        • Kernel Boot Parameters
        • Kernel Initialization
      • Startup Using SystemV Init Scripts
        • Understanding Run Levels
        • init
        • Understanding /etc/inittab
        • rc.sysinit
        • rc
      • Starting and Managing Linux Services Using systemd
    • Filesystems
      • Anatomy of a Disk Drive
      • Disk Drive Types
      • The Linux Kernel and HDD Types
      • File System Architecture
      • Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
      • The Linux Extended Filesystems
        • EXT2 Filesystem
        • EXT4 Filesystem
      • Logical Volume Manager – LVM
        • LVM Structure
        • Resizing a Logical Volume in an LVM Filesystem
      • Using the Loopback devices
      • File Permissions
      • Changing the Size of Swap Space
    • The Command Line Interface (CLI)
      • Fedora 16 crontab Problem
      • Setting vi Mode for Command Line Editing
      • Virtual Terminals
    • System Tools
      • Setting Colors in vim
      • Colors in Midnight Commander
      • The date Command
    • System Administration
      • Linux Standards and Best Practices
      • About UDEV
      • Serial Console Usage
    • Software Updates
      • How to Disable PackageKit
    • Networking
      • Network Manager
        • Disable Network Manager
      • Making your Linux Box Into a Router
      • Network Configuration
        • Configuring Network Interface Controllers (NIC)
      • Networking Problems
        • Resetting Stale NFS Handles in Linux
        • DNS Problems in recent versions of Fedora
    • Printing
      • Printing Problems After Upgrade from Fedora 10 to 11
      • Printer Won’t Print After Going Into Sleep Mode
      • Printing With a Xerox WorkCenter Pro 128
      • Printing with the Dell V505 All-In-One Printer
      • Lexmark Printers Not Supported in Linux
    • The X Window System
      • Installing System Fonts Using the Command Line
      • The Display Manager
      • xorg.conf Not Created in Fedora 14
    • Security
      • shred – Deleting Files Securely
      • Blocking Brute Force SSH Attacks
      • Backups and Disaster Recovery
        • The Backup Plan
    • Scripting Languages
      • BASH Code to Determine Valid IP Addresses
      • The awk Language
    • sendmail
      • SendMail Error Message: 553 5.1.8 … Domain of sender address … does not exist
      • Forwarding Email from Hosts with no DNS Entries
      • Basic Outbound Authentication for Sendmail
    • Troubleshooting
      • The Five Steps of Problem Solving
        • Knowledge
        • Observation
        • Deduction
        • Action
        • Testing
      • Troubleshooting Example
      • Important First Steps in Solving Problems
      • Problem Determination Tools
        • top
          • Using the top Program to Diagnose CPU Performance Problems
          • Priorities, Nice Numbers and How to Use Them
      • Environmental Problems – EMI
        • EMI Sources
          • EMI – Radio and TV
          • EMI – Radar and Microwave
          • EMI – Static Electricity
          • EMI – Electrical Noise
          • EMI – Engines
          • EMI – Magnetic Fields
        • EMI Problems – Bothering your Neighbors
        • How to Minimize EMI Problems
      • Specific Problems
        • Cannot Login Using GUI
        • Horizontal Bar in Display
        • Xterm Windows Freeze Up in VNC Session
        • Fedora 10 – Network Only Works Outbound
    • Compiling the Kernel
      • Using Multiple Threads When Compiling the Kernel
    • Applications
      • VirtualBox
        • VirtualBox VMs Very Slow
        • Installing VirtualBox Using the RPMFusion Repository
        • Sharing Virtual Machines on a Single VirtualBox Host
        • Making USB Work in VirtualBox Guests
      • Setting User Interface Fonts for Firefox and Thunderbird
    • Multimedia
      • Troubleshooting Audio Adapter Problems
  • Lab Projects
    • Lab Setup
    • Lab Projects – Introduction to Linux
      • Lab Project 1. Initial Desktop Login
      • Lab Project 2. Exploring the Desktops
      • Lab Project 3. Using Virtual Consoles
      • Lab Project 4. Using screen
      • Lab Project 5. The Command Line Interface (CLI)
      • Lab Project 6: Processes
      • Lab Project 7: Managing Files
      • Lab Project 8. vimtutor
      • Lab Project 9: More About Files
    • Lab Projects – Theory and Practice of Linux System Administration
      • Lab Project 1A: Installing Fedora Linux 15 Through 17
      • Lab Project 1B: Installing Fedora Linux 18 and Above
      • Lab Project 2: Post Installation
      • Lab Project 3. Initial Desktop Login
      • Lab Project 4. Using Virtual Consoles
      • Lab Project 5. Using Screen
    • Lab Projects – Linux Servers and Advanced System Administration
      • Lab Project 1: Fedora Installation
  • DataBook for Linux Users
    • Introduction
      • Linux Distributions
    • Section: The Basics
      • Chapter — How Do I Get Started?
        • Turning the Computer On
        • Login to the Computer
        • Make KDE Your Default Desktop
        • Linux and Security
        • When You Are Finished Using the Computer
      • Chapter — Introduction to Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)
        • Using Multiple Desktops
        • Anatomy of a Window
      • Chapter — Using KDE 3.5
        • 1. Kool Desktop Environment
        • 2. The KDE Panel
          • 1. Anatomy of the KDE Panel
          • 2. Configuring the KDE Panel
        • 3. The KDE Menu
        • 5. Switching Users
        • 6. Configuring KDE
          • Changing the Look of KDE
            • 1. KDE Themes
            • 2. Changing the Background
            • 3. Choosing a Color Scheme
            • 4. Fonts
            • 5. Icons
            • 6. Launch Feedback
            • 7. Screen Saver
            • 8. Splash Screen
            • 9. Style
            • 10. Theme Manager
            • 11. Window Decorations
          • Changing How The Desktop Works
            • 1. Behavior
            • 2. Multiple Desktops
            • 3. Panels
            • 4. Task Bar
            • 5. Window Behavior
          • Peripherals
            • Mouse
          • What Happens to My Changes When I Upgrade?
          • Getting Back to the Defaults
      • Chapter — Using KDE 4
        • Introducing KDE 4
        • The KDE 4 Panel
          • Anatomy of the KDE 4 Panel
          • Configuring the KDE 4 Panel
        • The KDE 4 Menu
        • Switching Users
    • Section: Managing Files
      • Computer Memory — RAM vs Disk Drives and Files
      • Comparison of Common File Managers
      • Associating Files with Application Programs
      • Chapter — Using Konqueror
        • 1. Introducing Konqueror
        • 2. Add Konqueror to the KDE Panel
        • 3. Konqueror Basics
          • 1. Konqueror Sidebar
          • 2. Konqueror’s Main Toolbar
        • 4. Navigating The File System With Konqueror
      • Chapter — Using Krusader
        • Introducing Krusader
        • Launching Krusader
      • Chapter — Using Dolphin
        • The Dolphin Interface
        • Using the Dolphin Tool Bar
        • Configuring Dolphin
        • Navigating the Filesystem with Dolphin
        • Searching for Files with Dolphin
      • Using the Standard KDE File Manager to Save Files
      • Extracting Zip Archives
    • Section: Internet Applications
      • Chapter — Email with Thunderbird
        • Setting Font Sizes for Message Text in Thunderbird
        • Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
        • Opening Attachments Directly From Thunderbird
        • Saving Attachments and Photos
      • Chapter — Surfing the Internet With Firefox
        • Tabbed Browsing with Firefox
        • Viewing Embedded Documents and Videos with Firefox
        • Error: Firefox is already running
    • Chapter — Multimedia
      • Using K3B to Burn a CD or DVD
      • Choosing a Webcam for Linux
      • Basic Scanning with XSane
    • Chapter — Application Programs
      • GnuCash
      • LibréOffice
      • OpenOffice
        • Dealing with Word Document Formatting Problems
    • Chapter — Printing in Linux
    • Chapter — Problem Solving
      • Recovering from a Display Problem
  • DataBook for OS/2
    • Front Material
      • Notes About The Rebuild of the DataBook for OS/2 Warp
      • Forward
      • Warp Products Covered by the DataBook For OS/2
      • OS/2 Reference Books
    • Chapter 1 – What is an Operating System and why is it Important?
      • Computers and Technology In Today’s Business
        • Wasted Computing Power
        • Why Multitasking?
        • Multitasking in Windows 3.1
        • Multitasking in Windows 95
        • Multitasking in Windows NT
        • Multitasking in OS/2 Warp
        • Computer-Centric Strategies for Enhancing Productivity
        • SETI@Home – A Perfect Example of Multitasking
      • What is OS/2 Warp?
        • Introducing OS/2 Warp
        • Warp Features
        • Warp Server
        • OS/2 Awards
        • A Short History of OS/2
        • The Future of OS/2
      • Who Uses OS/2 Warp
        • When was the last time you used OS/2
        • Who uses Warp in North America
        • Who uses OS/2 Warp in Europe
        • Who uses OS/2 in Asia
        • Who uses OS/2 elsewhere
      • Introduction To Operating Systems
        • Defining an Operating System
        • Genesis of the Operating System
        • Operating System Features
        • OS/2 Warp from a Programmer’s Viewpoint
    • Chapter 02 – Inside OS/2 Warp
      • The OS/2 Kernel
      • OS/2 Multitasking
      • OS/2 Crash Protection
      • The Swap File
      • OS/2 Memory Management
      • Ring Protection mechanism
      • Dynamic Link Libraries – DLL
      • Symmetric MultiProcessing (SMP)
  • Downloads
    • Post-Installation RPM and Script
  • Donations

Copyright Millennium Technology Consulting LLC, 2013

DataBook is a registered trademark of David Both
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